![]() ![]() When two nonmetallic elements form a molecular compound, several combination ratios are often possible. ![]() A 2010 study by the Environmental Working Group found that of 35 US cities tested, 31 had higher levels of Cr(VI) in their tap water than the public health goal of 0.02 parts per billion set by the California Environmental Protection Agency. Exposure to small amounts of Cr(VI) can lead to damage of the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and immune systems, as well as the kidneys, liver, blood, and skin.ĭespite cleanup efforts, Cr(VI) groundwater contamination remains a problem in Hinckley and other locations across the globe. But Cr(VI) is much more toxic and forms compounds that are reasonably soluble in water. Cr(III), an ingredient of many vitamin and nutritional supplements, forms compounds that are not very soluble in water, and it has low toxicity. ![]() In the environment, chromium exists primarily in either the Cr(III) or Cr(VI) forms. (b) The Cr(VI) ion is often present in water as the polyatomic ions chromate, \(\) (right).Ĭhromium compounds are widely used in industry, such as for chrome plating, in dye-making, as preservatives, and to prevent corrosion in cooling tower water, as occurred near Hinckley. (a) Erin Brockovich found that Cr(VI), used by PG
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